In this recently published study, investigators in the United States conducted a study "To examine the prevalence and correlates of substance use during pregnancy among women in the United States. We analyzed data from pregnant (n = 1800) and non-pregnant women (n = 37,527) aged 15-44 years who participated in the 2002 or 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative epidemiologic Survey."

"Study variables included demographics, any Substance use in the prior 30 days, and possible current psychopathology. Data were analyzed using weighted chi-square and multiple logistic regressions that accounted for the complex survey design. The overall prevalence of any past month substance use during pregnancy was 25.8%; the prevalence rates of past month illicit drug, cigarette and Alcohol use were 4.7%, 18.9%, and 10%, respectively. Compared to the prevalence of substance use among Women in their first trimester, use Was Significantly lower among women in their second or third trimesters. Women who reported using Substances during pregnancy were significantly more likely to meet the criteria for possible current psychopathology and be White. Additionally, women who were employed, married, and in their second or third trimester compared to the first were significantly less likely to have used any Substance during pregnancy, adjusting for age, ethnicity and income. Although the prevalence of substance use among pregnant women was significantly lower than non-pregnant women, some groups of Women remain vulnerable to Continued use, including those who are unemployed, unmarried, and experiencing possible Current psychopathology," wrote J.R. Havens and colleagues, University of Kentucky (see also Women's Health).

The researchers concluded: "Prevention and intervention programs aimed at high-risk populations are warranted to reduce the deleterious effects of substance use on pregnancy outcomes."

Havens and colleagues published their study in Drug and Alcohol Dependence (Factors associated with substance use during pregnancy: Results from a national sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2009;99(1-3):89-95).

For additional information, contact J.R. Havens, University of Kentucky, College Medical, Center Drug & Alcohol Research, Dept. of Behavioral Science, 915B S Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA.

The publisher of the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence can be contacted at: Elsevier Ireland Ltd., Elsevier House, Brookvale Plaza, East Park Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland.